Fine-tuning
Fine-tuning adapts a pre-trained language model for specific tasks using methods like SFT, LoRA, and RLHF. Learn when to fine-tune, costs, risks, and the 2026 recommended workflow.
Fine-tuning adapts a pre-trained language model for specific tasks using methods like SFT, LoRA, and RLHF. Learn when to fine-tune, costs, risks, and the 2026 recommended workflow.
Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is an architecture pattern that enhances a large language model’s responses by first retrieving relevant information from external knowledge sources—such as documents, databases, or APIs—and then feeding that retrieved context into the model alongside the user’s query. Rather than relying solely on what the model memorized during pre-training, RAG lets it look…
Agentic commerce is online shopping where AI agents handle discovery, evaluation, negotiation, and payment on the user’s behalf. Here is how the flow works, which protocols power it, and what changed in 2026.
The EU AI Act (Regulation 2024/1689) is the world’s first comprehensive AI law. Learn about its risk-based framework, enforcement timeline, penalties up to €35M, and what it means for companies worldwide.
An AI hallucination occurs when a generative AI model produces outputs that sound plausible and authoritative but are factually incorrect, irrelevant, or entirely fabricated—presenting them with the same confidence as accurate information.
Andreessen Horowitz (a16z) has officially led the seed round for Runta, a startup focused on building a new execution layer for AI agents. According to an a16z blog post published on July 16, 2026, by Martin Casado, Yoko Li, and Guido Appenzeller, the firm has maintained a relationship with Runta CEO Guanlan for nearly a…
An open, internet-native payment protocol that enables instant, automatic stablecoin payments directly over HTTP, reviving the long-dormant HTTP 402 ‘Payment Required’ status code to facilitate machine-to-machine and AI-agent transactions.
The Agentic Commerce Protocol (ACP) is an open standard for AI agent commerce. Learn how ACP standardizes merchant interactions and preserves Merchant of Record status.
At its core, prompt injection is a form of “instruction override.” When you interact with an AI, you provide a prompt—a set of instructions or a question. Prompt injection occurs when an attacker inserts their own malicious instructions into that process, tricking the model into prioritizing the attacker’s commands over the developer’s original programming. Think…
Before MCP, connecting an AI agent to your private data or specific software tools was a fragmented, custom-built process. Every developer had to write unique “glue code” to make an AI talk to a database, a file system, or a project management tool. The Model Context Protocol (MCP) was introduced on November 25, 2024, by…