Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is an architecture pattern that enhances a large language model’s responses by first retrieving relevant information from external knowledge sources—such as documents, databases, or APIs—and then feeding that retrieved context into the model alongside the user’s query. Rather than relying solely on what the model memorized during pre-training, RAG lets it look…
What Agentic Commerce Actually Means Agentic commerce represents a fundamental shift in how goods and services are bought and sold online. Instead of a human browsing a website, comparing options, and clicking “Buy Now,” an AI agent handles the entire commercial workflow — discovery, evaluation, negotiation, and payment — on behalf of the user, or…
The EU AI Act (Regulation 2024/1689) is the world’s first comprehensive AI law. Learn about its risk-based framework, enforcement timeline, penalties up to €35M, and what it means for companies worldwide.
An AI hallucination occurs when a generative AI model produces outputs that sound plausible and authoritative but are factually incorrect, irrelevant, or entirely fabricated—presenting them with the same confidence as accurate information.
Andreessen Horowitz (a16z) has officially led the seed round for Runta, a startup focused on building a new execution layer for AI agents. According to an a16z blog post published on July 16, 2026, by Martin Casado, Yoko Li, and Guido Appenzeller, the firm has maintained a relationship with Runta CEO Guanlan for nearly a…
An open, internet-native payment protocol that enables instant, automatic stablecoin payments directly over HTTP, reviving the long-dormant HTTP 402 ‘Payment Required’ status code to facilitate machine-to-machine and AI-agent transactions.
At its core, the Agentic Commerce Protocol (ACP) acts as a universal translator for the digital economy. It is an open standard, co-developed by OpenAI and Stripe and announced in September 2025, designed to bridge the gap between intelligent AI agents and the systems that power online stores. By providing a common set of rules,…
At its core, prompt injection is a form of “instruction override.” When you interact with an AI, you provide a prompt—a set of instructions or a question. Prompt injection occurs when an attacker inserts their own malicious instructions into that process, tricking the model into prioritizing the attacker’s commands over the developer’s original programming. Think…
Before MCP, connecting an AI agent to your private data or specific software tools was a fragmented, custom-built process. Every developer had to write unique “glue code” to make an AI talk to a database, a file system, or a project management tool. The Model Context Protocol (MCP) was introduced on November 25, 2024, by…
Note: This page covers tokenization in digital payments and blockchain finance—replacing sensitive data with secure placeholders and putting real-world assets on a blockchain. For tokenization in AI and large language models (breaking text into subword units like BPE, WordPiece, and SentencePiece), see AI Tokenization. Tokenization is one of those terms that sounds technical but describes…